RNA was extracted from 800 µl plasma using an miRNeasy serum/plasma kit (Qiagen China, Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The RNA was eluted in 50 µl nuclease free water and 40 ng RNA (in 5 µl) was reverse transcribed with TaqMan® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA was quantitated using a TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay specific for miR-208a and miR-370 according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Sequence Detection System (the miR-208a and miR-370 specific primers for RT and PCR were enclosed in the kits). The cycling conditions were 95°C for 10 min followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min. All reactions were performed in triplicate. The expression levels of circulating miRNAs are presented as the quantitation cycle (Cq) values. Exogenously added cel-miR-39 served as a control for normalizing the data. The comparative Cq (ΔCq) method was used to analyze the miRNA expression levels (15 (link)).