For the present studies, U. barbata was harvested from a region located at 900 m altitude from the Călimani mountains (Suceava county, Romania) in March 2020 because the lichen secondary metabolites are at maximum level [57 (link)] in early winter or early spring and a minimum level during the summer [58 (link)].
U. barbata was manually harvested directly from the branches of conifers. The fresh lichen was cleaned of impurities and dried at 18–25 °C, in a herbal room, sheltered from the sun rays. After drying, the obtained herbal product was preserved for a long time in the same conditions for use in subsequent studies. The lichen species identification was performed by the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, using standard methods.
A weighing ampoule brought to constant weighed together with the lichen sample was kept in the oven at 105 °C, for two hours, and then cooled in the desiccator and weighed. The drying process continued in the oven for one hour, followed by cooling and weighing, until the constant weight was achieved [59 ].
The dried lichen was ground to a powder and extracted for eight hours with each solvent (acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water) in a Soxhlet continuous reflux system. Extraction was different for each extract, being around the boiling point of each solvent. After filtration, the water extract was concentrated on rotavapor Butchi R-215 with a vacuum controller V-850 lyophilized a with freeze-dryer Christ Alpha 1–2 B Braun Biotech International with vacuum pump RZ 2.5.
In the other four U. barbata extracts, the rotary evaporator TURBOVAP 500 Caliper was used for evaporation of the solvents. Next, these extracts were kept for 16 h in a chemical exhaust hood for each optimal solvent evaporation.
The obtained dry extracts were transferred to sealed-glass bottles and stored in the freezer (Sirge FREEZER) at −24 °C until processing.
U. barbata was manually harvested directly from the branches of conifers. The fresh lichen was cleaned of impurities and dried at 18–25 °C, in a herbal room, sheltered from the sun rays. After drying, the obtained herbal product was preserved for a long time in the same conditions for use in subsequent studies. The lichen species identification was performed by the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, using standard methods.
A weighing ampoule brought to constant weighed together with the lichen sample was kept in the oven at 105 °C, for two hours, and then cooled in the desiccator and weighed. The drying process continued in the oven for one hour, followed by cooling and weighing, until the constant weight was achieved [59 ].
The dried lichen was ground to a powder and extracted for eight hours with each solvent (acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water) in a Soxhlet continuous reflux system. Extraction was different for each extract, being around the boiling point of each solvent. After filtration, the water extract was concentrated on rotavapor Butchi R-215 with a vacuum controller V-850 lyophilized a with freeze-dryer Christ Alpha 1–2 B Braun Biotech International with vacuum pump RZ 2.5.
In the other four U. barbata extracts, the rotary evaporator TURBOVAP 500 Caliper was used for evaporation of the solvents. Next, these extracts were kept for 16 h in a chemical exhaust hood for each optimal solvent evaporation.
The obtained dry extracts were transferred to sealed-glass bottles and stored in the freezer (Sirge FREEZER) at −24 °C until processing.
Free full text: Click here
