Heparin plasma was prepared from venous blood collected from the right ventricle of anesthetized mice. Mice were fasted at least 5 hours before blood collection. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, and cholesterol were determined using the ADVIA® 1800 Clinical Chemistry analyzer (Siemens, Tarrytown, NY) utilizing specific reagents: ALPAMP, CA_2, IP, TRIG, and CHOL_2. These methods were available and applied to all samples collected at Sanford Research. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) was measured in lithium heparin plasma according to the method described previously [24 (link)]. Samples collected at the NYIT-COM were analyzed following the manual protocols in a plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT) operated in the kinetic (AP) or end-point mode (cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, and phosphorus). PPi concentration in those samples were determined based on luminescent detection of the ATP product of an ATP sulfurylase reaction, which uses PPi as a substrate [25 (link)].
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