The generation of an inducible single-copy C9orf72 transgene using Flp-In TRex-HeLa cells was as described previously[31 (link)]. All cell lines used in this study were maintained in DMEM (GE Healthcare HyClone, SH30243.01) with 10% FBS (GE Healthcare HyClone, SV30160.03) and 1% Pen-Strep (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 15070063) at 37°C and 5% CO2. Tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich, T7660) was added (100 ug/ml) for 18 h to induce the expression of C9orf72 transgene. Parental HeLa cells treated with Tetracycline were used as controls in the experiments shown in Figure 6b and 7b. All plasmid transfections in cell lines were performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11668019) or TurboFect (Thermo Fisher Scientific, R0531) as per the manufacturer’s instruction. For autophagy experiments, Chloroquine (CQ, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in water (20 mM) and used at 40μM in the media. Autophagy induction using Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS, Gibco) was incubated on cells following two successive PBS rinses. Incubation time for each condition is stated in the respective figure legends.