mRNA expression was quantitated using RT-PCR as previously described [5 (link),46 (link),47 (link),48 (link)]. Briefly, TRIzol (Life Technologies) extracted total RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). Total RNA (250 ng) was subjected to cDNA synthesis using the High Efficiency cDNA Synthesis Kit (Life Technologies). The levels of various mRNA transcripts were determined using Fast SYBR Green (Life Technologies) and gene-specific forward and reverse primer sets (Table 1) on a ViiA7 instrument (Life Technologies). 18s RNA expression was used to normalize mRNA expression using the ΔΔCT comparative method.
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