Two independent and non-overlapping random digit dialing frames were used in this study with approximately 98 % coverage of all U.S. adult households [37 ]. To oversample smokers, both frames were stratified by household income and smoking rates at the county-level, where the poorest counties with the highest smoking rates were oversampled. Concordant with prior national tobacco survey studies [38 (link)], we oversampled cell phones numbers to maximize counts of young adults. To be considered eligible, a telephone number needed to reach a household with an English- or Spanish-speaking resident 18 years of age or older. Within the landline frame, if more than one eligible adult resided in the household, young adults and smokers were sampled at a higher rate than older adult nonsmokers.
The national survey was conducted between September 15, 2014 and May 31, 2015 and had an average completion time of 25 min. Calls were made Saturday through Thursday between 9 am and 9 pm (local time). Blaise CATI software [39 ] was used to both manage the sample and collect the data. No numbers were removed from calling until a minimum of 6 (cell phone) to 8 (landline) unsuccessful call attempts were made with at least one weekend, evening, and daytime call attempt. The sample resulted in 5,014 interviews and a weighted response rate (calculated using AAPOR Response Rate 4) of 42 %, a rate which is comparable to the 2012–2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (44.9 %) [40 ] and the 2012 BRFSS (45.3 %) [41 ]. The remaining sample consisted of ineligible numbers (64,410), refusals from eligible households (2,623), or indeterminable eligibility status (41,877). All interviewers completed general and project-specific training before conducting the surveys and were monitored twice fortnightly. Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained verbally from respondents at the time of enrollment. The IRB at the University of North Carolina approved all study procedures and respondents were protected by a certificate of confidentiality.
The national survey was conducted between September 15, 2014 and May 31, 2015 and had an average completion time of 25 min. Calls were made Saturday through Thursday between 9 am and 9 pm (local time). Blaise CATI software [39 ] was used to both manage the sample and collect the data. No numbers were removed from calling until a minimum of 6 (cell phone) to 8 (landline) unsuccessful call attempts were made with at least one weekend, evening, and daytime call attempt. The sample resulted in 5,014 interviews and a weighted response rate (calculated using AAPOR Response Rate 4) of 42 %, a rate which is comparable to the 2012–2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (44.9 %) [40 ] and the 2012 BRFSS (45.3 %) [41 ]. The remaining sample consisted of ineligible numbers (64,410), refusals from eligible households (2,623), or indeterminable eligibility status (41,877). All interviewers completed general and project-specific training before conducting the surveys and were monitored twice fortnightly. Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained verbally from respondents at the time of enrollment. The IRB at the University of North Carolina approved all study procedures and respondents were protected by a certificate of confidentiality.
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