Echocardiography was performed by trained sonographers at our hospital using a Philips iE33 Doppler echocardiography system with a real-time 3D probe X3-1 (frequency 1–3 MHz) (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and ejection fraction (EF) were measured. All the above data were averaged over three cardiac cycles.
Left ventricular mass (LVM) was estimated by the formula of Devereux et al.: LVM (g) = 0.8 × 1.04 [(LVID + IVS + PWT)3 − (LVIDd)3] + 0.6.LVM was normalized for body height to the 2.7 (LVMI). LVH was defined as LVMI > 46.7 g/m2.7 in women and LVMI > 49.2 g/m2.7 in men [46 (link)].
Cardiac parameter, Relative wall thickness (RWT), was calculated as the ratio of twice the posterior wall thickness divided by the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole, and a value over 0.42 cm was defined as an elevated RWT [47 (link)].Four categories of left ventricular geometry were defined: (1) normal (normal RWT and LVMI); (2) eccentric hypertrophy (normal RWT and high LVMI); (3) concentric hypertrophy (high RWT and high LVMI); and (4) concentric remodeling (high RWT and normal LVMI).
Left ventricular mass (LVM) was estimated by the formula of Devereux et al.: LVM (g) = 0.8 × 1.04 [(LVID + IVS + PWT)3 − (LVIDd)3] + 0.6.LVM was normalized for body height to the 2.7 (LVMI). LVH was defined as LVMI > 46.7 g/m2.7 in women and LVMI > 49.2 g/m2.7 in men [46 (link)].
Cardiac parameter, Relative wall thickness (RWT), was calculated as the ratio of twice the posterior wall thickness divided by the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole, and a value over 0.42 cm was defined as an elevated RWT [47 (link)].Four categories of left ventricular geometry were defined: (1) normal (normal RWT and LVMI); (2) eccentric hypertrophy (normal RWT and high LVMI); (3) concentric hypertrophy (high RWT and high LVMI); and (4) concentric remodeling (high RWT and normal LVMI).
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