Quantitative Analysis of Metabolic Biomarkers

An Analox GM9 Glucose Analyzer was used to measure glucose levels via the glucose oxidase method. Plasma insulin levels were determined using a Stellux Chemiluminescent Rodent Insulin ELISA (Alpco). Plasma and liver triglycerides were measured using Infinity Triglyceride Reagent (Thermo Fisher TR22421). Liver triglycerides were extracted using a methanol/chloroform-based method^{15 (link)} and the colorimetric Infinity Triglyceride Reagent. Plasma cholesterol levels were measured using Wako Diagnostics Total Cholesterol Kit (999-02601). Plasma fatty acids were measured using Wako Diagnostics NEFA-HR kit (999-34691, 995-34791, 991-34891, 993-35191). Plasma liver enzymes were assessed using Thermo Fisher Infinity alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotranferase activity kits (TR71121, TR70121).