The GUS activity of the mice was detected using fluorescein di-β-D-glucuronide (FDGlcU, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat#F2915) by the method of Chen et al. as reported.38 (link) Mice (n = 6, per group) were administrated orally 7.3 μmol/kg FDGlcU dissolved in distilled deionized water. The fluorescence intensity in the intestine was detected on a Spectrum imaging system (Lago X, Spectral Instruments Imaging) 3 h after probe administration (λex: λem = 465 nm: 530 nm), with an exposure time was 5s. Fluorescence intensity was quantified by intestinal fluorescence using the Aura assay software.