Rats were treated prophylactically with ketoprofen (10 mg/kg s.c.), atropine (0.25 mg/kg s.c.) with two additional doses of ketprofen at 24 and 48 h post-MCAO to control for post-surgical pain. Animals were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human LIF (125 μg/kg i.v.; ProSpec, Ness Ziona, Israel) or PBS (pH 7.4) treatment at 6, 24, and 48 h post-MCAO as previously described (Rowe, Collier et al. 2014 (link), Davis, Collier et al. 2017 (link)). All lab personnel administering drugs were blinded to drug treatments.