Environmental Exposures and Sleep Characteristics

We evaluated cross-sectional associations between environmental exposures (greenspace, ALAN, noise, and air pollution) and self-reported sleep duration, sleep latency (time to fall asleep), and trouble staying asleep using logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We mutually adjusted for all environmental exposures and a priori covariates, race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Mixed, White, or Unknown/Missing), sex (male vs. female), age, SES (maternal education less than college vs. college graduate), and CHS community.^{7 (link),10 (link),13 (link),18 (link),38 (link),39 (link)} Associations were reported per interquartile range (IQR) change in exposure. Because these environmental exposures were previously associated with stress in our study population,^{26 (link)} we assessed the mediating role of self-reported stress on our exposure-sleep associations and report it as a percent.⁴⁰ Due to possible interactions between environmental exposures and SES,^{41 (link),42 (link)} we assessed interaction between each exposure and SES among those that reported maternal education, further stratifying for those that were statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). All analyses were conducted in the R Language, version 4.1.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).