As previously described [87 (link)], Vero cells were seeded in 96-well plates and inoculated with 10-fold serial dilutions of samples for 2 h at 37°C. Cells were overlayed with 0.5% methylcellulose in MEM-alpha plus 10% FBS and incubated for 18 h at 37°C. Following fixation with 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA), CHIKV-infected cells were detected using CHK-11 monoclonal antibody [88 (link)] at 500 ng/mL, and foci were visualized with TrueBlue Peroxidase substrate (SeraCare 5510–0030) and counted using a CTL Biospot analyzer and Biospot software (Cellular Technology).
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