TMAs were prepared from patients with metastatic CCRCC enrolled in phase II trials at the U.T.M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and were treated with sorafenib or sorafenib plus interferon (25 (link)). Three cores were obtained per patient and stained using HAF monoclonal antibody (20 (link)). Images were scanned using an Aperio AT2 slide scanner, and HAF nuclear staining was quantitated using Aperio Image analysis software (Leica Biosystems Inc, Buffalo Grove, IL). TCGA data was accessed using OncoLnc (26 ). Both datasets were stratified into two equal groups of high or low HAF transcript or protein. Kaplan Meier survival curves, p-values and hazard ratios were calculated using Prism 7.0.