Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, L4391-1MG), L-glutamic acid (G8415), and a hydrogen peroxide solution (30%w/w, H1009) were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). Recombinant murine IL-1β (211-11B) was procured from PEPROTECH (United States). Fluoxetine HCl (S27345, purity >98%), was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Hydroxytyrosol (purity >98%) was synthesized and purified by the Biopharmaceutical Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (China). Detailed structural and chromatographic information for HT is shown in Supplementary Figure S1.
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