Spreading of mitotic chromosomes was carried out according to Hoang29 (link). 5S rDNA, 18S and 26S rDNA probes were generated from S. polyrhiza and from S. intermedia genomic DNA each by using designed primer pairs16 (link),21 (link),65 (link),66 (link) as described24 (link). Ribosomal DNA, A. thaliana type telomere and S. polyrhiza BAC probes were labeled with Cy3-dUTP (GE Healthcare Life Science), Alexa Fluor 488-5-dUTP, Texas red-12-dUTP, biotin-dUTP or digoxigenin-dUTP (Life Technologies) and precipitated as described29 (link).
Denaturation of mitotic chromosomes and probes, hybridization, post-hybridization washing and signal detection were carried out according to Lysak et al.67 (link). Probe stripping and re-hybridization were done as described29 (link).
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