An endothelial cell marker combined with a stem cell marker CD34+/CD133+ was used to identify EPC as previously described (30 (link)). Murine blood cells were harvested after sacrifice to detect EPC and mononuclear cell intracellular ROS formation via flow cytometry by using ROS Detection Reagents-FITC (cat. no. D399; Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) as previously described (31 (link)). After removing red blood cells (RBCs) using 1X RBC lysis buffer (cat. no. 00433357; Thermo Fisher Scientific), a total of 50,000 cells in each sample were incubated with 5 µg/ml ROS Detection Reagents-FITC for 10 min at 37°C. BD™ LSRII (BD Biosciences) at a wavelength of 525 nm was used to calculate the positively fluorescent cells for intracellular ROS detection. For EPC measurement, cells were incubated with anti-mouse CD34-AF700 (cat. no. 560518; BD Biosciences) and CD133-PE (cat. no. 12-1331-82; eBioscience; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) as previously described (21 (link)), then incubated with 5 µg/ml ROS Detection Reagents-FITC for 10 min at 37°C. Labeled cells were washed twice with PBS and suspended in warm PBS for analysis by flow cytometry on a BD™ LSRII system (BD Biosciences). All antibodies were diluted 1:100.