All proteins were produced by transient transfection using human embryonic kidney HEK293E cells as described (11 (link)) to ensure posttranslational modifications such as disulfide bonds and glycans were added. Proteins were purified using their His6 tag using a bespoke supernatant loading rig and 96-well Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid filter plates (15 (link)). Heat-labile immunoreactivity to demonstrate folding was confirmed by heat-denaturing the proteins for 10 min at 90 °C before capture on a streptavidin-coated plate via their biotin tag and determination of immunoreactivity by ELISA as described (19 (link)).
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