Total cell lysate (25 µg protein) was resolved by SDS-PAGE analysis [30 (link)] using 12% acrylamide gels. Antibodies for western blotting were anti-: c-Raf pS259 (polyclonal), c-Raf pS289/296/301 (polyclonal), VAV1 (polyclonal), Lyn (clone C13F9), SFK pY416 (polyclonal), LCN2 (clone D4M8L), MMP9 (clone D6O3H), Smad2 pS245/250/255 (polyclonal), GAPDH (clone D16H11), HRP anti-mouse, and HRP anti-rabbit (Cell Signaling, MA, USA), c-Raf pS621 (polyclonal) (Thermo Fisher), c-Raf (clone 53) and CD38 (clone 22) (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA), c-Cbl pY674 (clone EPR2227) (Abcam, MA, USA) and c-Cbl (polyclonal) (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). All antibodies were diluted 1:1000.
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