Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using simple wet chemistry methods as described previously [31] (link). Briefly, stoichiometric amount of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (99.999% from Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in deionized water. The solution was oxidized using excess of hydrogen peroxide. After the synthesis of nanoparticles, the pH of the solution was maintained below 3.0 using nitric acid (1N) to keep the synthesized nanoceria in suspension.
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