Surgical specimens from human patients with GBM from ages 48 to 83 of all genders, races, and ethnicities were collected at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The collection of human tissues in compliance with the tissue banking protocol was approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant. ECs were isolated and verified as previously described (27 (link), 43 (link)). Tumor-derived single-cell suspensions were prepared by the tissue bank. Cell suspensions were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with anti-CD31 antibody–conjugated magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotech, 130-091-935). Sorted ECs were verified by Dil-Ac-LDL (Alfa Aesar, J65597) absorption and von Willebrand factor (vWF) staining. Cells were checked and showed no mycoplasma contamination. All cells were used between passages 2 and 6.