Radiographic Limb Alignment Analysis

An institutional database was utilized for the acquisition of conventional radiographs that were used for limb alignment analysis. The included radiographs were created using long-leg standing X-rays, as described below. Gender and age were noted. Radiographs of patients who had undergone bony surgery around the pelvis and femur (e.g., osteotomies or arthroplasty) were excluded. Radiographs that did not allow for visualization of the pubic-arc region or the ischii due to the presence of gonadal shielding, were excluded. Two orthopedic surgeons independently performed all radiographic measurements. Both observers repeated the assessments after six weeks. For the second phase, the order of all radiographic images was randomized to eliminate any bias from the first reading.