Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. The antibiotics (Wenzhou Kangtai Biotechnology Company, Wenzhou, China) included ceftazidime (CAZ), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), aztreonam (ATM), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), nitrofurantoin (NIT), imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MEM), amikacin (AMK), levofloxacin (LVX), tigecycline (TGC), and PB. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics, except that of TGC, were in accordance with those defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2021 breakpoints [44 ]. Susceptibility to TGC was interpreted according to the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) breakpoints (https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/tigecycline-injection-products). E. coli ATCC 25922 was used for quality control.
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