The status of F-actin assembly in each group was determined as described previously (25 (link)). In brief, the samples from each group were incubated in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 10 min at room temperature and washed with PBS three times. Subsequently, the samples were immersed in Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated phalloidin reagents (Life Technologies, Waltham, MA, USA) at room temperature for 30 min. After being mounted on glass slides, the images were captured with a fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss, Weimar, Germany) and analyzed by ImageJ software (ImageJ 1.8, NIH, USA).
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