This study included sixteen patients, 6 men and 10 women aged 28–69 (mean 52.69 ± 12.7 years, all right-handed), with brain glioma located in areas surrounding classic Broca’s area, inferior frontal gyrus and ventral precentral gyrus. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, who commonly finishes about 150 glioma surgeries every year in his department. All of the subjects provided written informed consent. All of the procedures in this study were approved by the ethics committee of Xijing Hospital and conducted under the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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