Cells were rinsed twice in ice-cold PBS, lysed with 0.5 mL buffer A (50 mmol/L Tris, 100 mmol/L KCl, 5 mmol/L MgCl2, 1.8 mmol/L ATP, 1 mmol/L EDTA, pH 7.2) containing the protease inhibitor cocktail III [100 mmol/L AEBSF, 80 mmol/L aprotinin, 5 mmol/L bestatin, 1.5 mmol/L E-64, 2 mmol/L leupeptin and 1 mmol/L pepstatin (MerckMillipore, Milan, Italy) 1 mmol/L PMSF, 250 mmol/L NaF]. Samples were centrifuged at 650× g for 3 min at 4 °C, supernatants were transferred into a new tube series and centrifuged at 13,000× g for 5 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were discarded, the pellets containing mitochondria, after a washing step with 0.5 mL buffer A, were re-suspended in 0.25 mL buffer B (250 mmol/L sucrose, 15 μmol/L K2HPO4, 2 mmol/L MgCl2, 0.5 mmol/L EDTA, 5% w/v BSA). 50 μL were sonicated and used for protein quantification. The activity of mitochondria respiration complexes was evaluated according to [18 (link)]. Results were expressed as nmol red cit c/min/mg mitochondrial proteins.
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