Total RNA was extracted from the rice plants using a TRIzol reagent (Takara, Dalian, China). DNA removal and cDNA synthesis were performed using a PrimeScript RT reagent Kit (Takara, China), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Subsequently, a qRT-PCR assay was performed using Ssofast EvaGreen Supermix (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) on an Mx3005P system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using rice ubiquitin (LOC_Os03g13170) as the internal reference gene [42 (link)]. Three technical replicates were maintained per treatment. The primers used for the qRT-PCR are listed in Table S1 .
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