Following the experimental treatment, Western blot analysis were performed as previously described (6 (link)). Immunoblot analyses were carried out on lysates extracted from cells or tumors. Protein concentration was determined, and equal amounts of total proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE. Antibodies used included total (SCT #2602) and phospho-Pak1(SC #2606), Mek (SCT#9121), phospho-Mek pSer298(SCT#9128), Erk (SCT#9102), phospho-Erk1/2 (pThr202/pTyr204) (SCT#9101), phospho-ATM, phospho-ATR, phospho-Chk1, phospho-Chk2, phospho-p53, p21Cip SCT DNA damage sampler kit, #9947), cyclin B(SCT#4128), cyclin D1(SCT#2978), GAPDH (SCT#4138) were from Cell Signaling Technology.