The detailed procedure used for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis to detect gene expression has been described elsewhere [66 (link)]. Gene-specific primers of MAPK cascade genes were selected in this study (S3 Table), while qPCR primers of Bt resistance-related genes were obtained from our previous studies [30 (link)–33 (link)]. The qPCR reactions were performed with 2.5 × SYBR Green MasterMix Kit (TIANGEN) following the manufacturer’s instructions in the QuantStudio 3 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). Four technical repeats and three biological replicates were conducted for each treatment. Relative expression levels of target genes were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method and normalized to the ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32) gene (GenBank accession no. AB180441).
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