Purification and qPCR Analysis of RNA

Total RNAs were extracted from the indicated tissues of mice by using TRI Reagent (Molecular Research Center) or Sepasol II Super (Nacalai Tesque), and cDNAs were synthesized with the RevertraAce qPCR RT Kit (Toyobo). To remove residual DSS, mRNAs prepared from the colon of mice treated with DSS were further purified by LiCl precipitation as described previously^{42 (link)}. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was performed with the 7500 Real-Time PCR detection system with CYBR green method of the target genes and murine Hprt an internal control with 7500 SDS software 2.3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The primers used in this study are shown in Supplementary Table 3.