Cell Viability Assay of OESA and OESY Extracts

The cell viability assay was performed as previously described [26 (link)]. Briefly, Vero cells were grown in 96-well plates and treated with different concentrations of OESA and OESY extracts (0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL) for 72 h. The cell viability was determined with a cytotoxicity bioassay kit (Lonza Group Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The GloMax^® Multi Microplate Luminometer (Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, USA) in combination with the ViaLight™ plus cell proliferation and cytotoxicity bioassay kit was used to detect the emitted light intensity related to ATP degradation. The measured luminescence value was converted into the cell proliferation index (%) as previously reported [19 (link)].