CD138+ cells were lysed with M-Per buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL) containing phosphatase and protease inhibitors. Approximately 50–72 ng of protein was used per sample, and experiments were performed using a Nanopro1000 instrument (ProteinSimple, Santa Clara, CA), as previously described (29 (link), 30 (link)). Various phosphorylated isoforms of MEK and ERK were detected using anti-phospho-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), anti-MEKpS218/222 (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA), anti-MEKpT292 (Millipore), anti-MEKpT386 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), anti-MEKpT394 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-MEKpS298 (Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-Beta2-microglobulin (Abcam) primary antibodies with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) secondary antibodies. Luminol and peroxide (ProteinSimple) were added to generate chemiluminescent light. The digital images were analyzed and quantified with Compass software (ProteinSimple). ERK and MEK were normalized to Beta2-microglobulin loading controls.