Ion Chromatography for Carbohydrate Analysis

The system for ion chromatography, DIONEX ICS 3000 (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), consisting of a quaternary pump (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), was equipped with autosampler ICS AS-DV 50 (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and coupled to a pulsed amperometric detector with a gold-working electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Carbohydrates were separated on a Carbo Pac^®PA100 high-performance anion-exchange column (4 × 250 mm) (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) set to 30 °C. The mobile phase consisted of 600 mM sodium hydroxide, 500 mM sodium acetate, and ultrapure water, and the composition was changed during the time of analysis, as reported in detail in our previous work [41 (link)].