MRI images were acquired with a 3.0 Tesla scanner (primary cohort: Signa HDxt or Discovery MR750; validation cohort: Signa HDxt, both from GE, Waukesha, WI, USA). Detailed MRI parameters are provided in supplemental Appendix S1. Dynamic contrast-enhanced scans were collected in the arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), and equilibration phase (EP) at 14-20 s, 45-60 s, and 150-180 s, respectively, after injecting 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA.
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