ROS levels, 26S CT-L and C-L proteasome activity levels, and cathepsins’ activity in total protein lysates isolated from somatic or muscle tissues of 10 flies were measured as described before [30 (link)]. Circulating or tissue sugar levels [trehalose (TRE), glucose (GLU), and glycogen (GLY)] were measured as reported before [31 (link)]. For all measurements, fluorescence or absorbance was recorded in a Spark® Tecan microplate reader (Tecan Group Ltd., Maennedorf, Switzerland) and expressed as (%) values vs. the respective control groups set to 100%.
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