The TBI group also received an integrative pediatric rehabilitation program. However, unlike the FNSD group, treatment was highly influenced by the child’s cognitive function.
Psychological therapy sessions with adolescents and with their parents focused on: (1) the medical traumatic event; (2) the expected outcomes following the injury and; (3) psychoeducation and emotional support for the parents. Psychological therapy was provided once to twice a week.
Physical therapy: children with TBI present numerous physical impairments, such as altered muscle tone, proprioception, and balance. Such impairments commonly limit the ability to independently perform age-appropriate activities and instrumental activities of daily living [36 (link)], as well as participation. Therefore, physical therapy should commence as soon as possible, once the child is clinically stable [36 (link),37 (link)]. Physical therapy commonly involves the following types of therapy: preventing secondary complications (e.g., contractures and weakness), sensory stimulation, fitness, and functional training (e.g., sit-to-stand training and gait training [38 (link)]. Physical therapy was conducted at least twice a day, six days a week. Each physical therapy session lasted 45 minutes. Both individual and group therapy were provided. Physiotherapists commonly conducted functional treatments, such as gait education and bed mobility. Physical agents and other modalities (e.g., hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy) were also used.
Psychological therapy sessions with adolescents and with their parents focused on: (1) the medical traumatic event; (2) the expected outcomes following the injury and; (3) psychoeducation and emotional support for the parents. Psychological therapy was provided once to twice a week.
Physical therapy: children with TBI present numerous physical impairments, such as altered muscle tone, proprioception, and balance. Such impairments commonly limit the ability to independently perform age-appropriate activities and instrumental activities of daily living [36 (link)], as well as participation. Therefore, physical therapy should commence as soon as possible, once the child is clinically stable [36 (link),37 (link)]. Physical therapy commonly involves the following types of therapy: preventing secondary complications (e.g., contractures and weakness), sensory stimulation, fitness, and functional training (e.g., sit-to-stand training and gait training [38 (link)]. Physical therapy was conducted at least twice a day, six days a week. Each physical therapy session lasted 45 minutes. Both individual and group therapy were provided. Physiotherapists commonly conducted functional treatments, such as gait education and bed mobility. Physical agents and other modalities (e.g., hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy) were also used.
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