A stock standard solution of NNAl-d0 was prepared in 12 mM HCl and stored frozen at -20°C. A 500 pg/mL solution of NNAl-d3 was prepared in 10% methanol containing 12 mM HCl. Pooled urine, collected over several days, (2 liter batches) from a non-smoker with no known SHS exposure was used to prepare the standards and QCs. Standards and controls were stored frozen at −20°C until use.