HeLa cells, WT (wild-type) and TREX1 KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and HEK293T were cultured in supplemented DMEM and mouse J774 cells cultured in complete media for macrophages, as described earlier (25 (link)). Mouse BM1.11 cells (26 (link)) and human OE-E6/E7 (oviduct epithelial cells) (27 (link)) were cultured in supplemented F12-DMEM as described (25 (link)). Poly dA:dT/LyoVec (100 µg/ml), Poly I:C/LyoVec (50 µg/ml) and 2’3’ cGAMP (1 mg/ml) were purchased from Invivogen. Carbenoxolone (working concentration 0.2 mM) was purchased from SIGMA. pBluscript vector (1–2.5 µg) was used as immunostimulatory DNA (ISD). cDNA constructs for human cGAS (pCMV-cGAS) and STING (pCMV-STING) were purchased from Origene. C. muridarum, C. trachomatis D and L2 were propagated in McCoy cells and infections performed at 1 MOI or as indicated, as previously described (25 (link)).