Plasma HIV-1 RNA load was detected using the Roche COBAS-TaqMan Assay (HIV-1 Test, version 2.0, Indianapolis, IN, United states). The target fragment for the subgenotyping includes 99 amino acid coding codons from the protease (PR) region, and resistance analysis consists of approximately 300 amino acid coding codons from the reverse transcriptase region (primer sequences listed in Supplementary Table S1). The subgenotype of HIV-1 was tested using Bioedit and MEGA5 software with the standard strains selected from the Los Alamos HIV database, and mutation sites were identified using the Stanford HIV-resistant database (Rhee et al., 2017 (link); Zhang et al., 2017 (link)).
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