The PAN fibers (cut into 50–80 mm with an average diameter of 21 μm) were commercially obtained from Toray Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ethylene glycol (98 wt%), guanidine carbonate (99 wt%), N-hydroxy phthalimide (98 wt%), anhydrous ethanol (95 wt%) and dipropyl sulfide (DPS) were purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), KOH (85 wt%) was purchased from Shanghai Runjie Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Deionized water was self-made in the lab.
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