Eight-month-old female APP/PS1 mice were randomly assigned into XST-treated group or saline-treated group. We measured short-time relative changes in cerebral microvascular perfusion by laser Doppler blood flow assessment (Moor VMS-LDF1, Moor Instruments, Axminster, UK) [32 (link)]. A low red laser (785 nm) is sued to penetrate the skull and cover an area of approximately 1 mm2. During measurement, APP/PS1 mice were placed on the stereotaxic instruments (RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., China), anaesthetized with isoflurane with body temperature maintained using ThermoStar homeothermic monitoring system (RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., China). After 60 min baseline measurement, mice were treated with XST or saline. Scanning was continued for 16 h after injection every 4 h. The mean blood flow from randomly selected area was measured with the moorVMS-PC V3.1 software and expressed as normalized change (% of basal CBF).