General laboratory chemicals and reagent solutions were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). ELISA kits for IL-6 and TNF-α were purchased from Bio-legend. ELISA kit for CXCL1 was purchased from R&D systems. All antibodies were purchased from Santacruz unless otherwise specified. LPS was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Colitis grade DSS (36,000–50,000 M.W) was purchased from MP Bio. UroA was custom synthesized as previously described23 (link).
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