Plasma concentration of glucose was measured using the glucose oxidase method (Analox GM7 or GM9; Analox Instruments Ltd., London, UK) and serum insulin was determined by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (AutoDELFIA; PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences , Waltham, MA). Bone resorption was assessed by C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX, IDS-iSYS CTX-I ELISA, CrossLaps®) and bone formation by intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP, IDS-iSYS Intact PINP assay), both from IDS Ltd., East Boldon, UK. Serum total osteocalcin was determined with 2-site immunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies 2H9 and 6F9 using previously described protocol (23 (link)).
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