Oral Gavage of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Mice

Pg was cultured in broth (Brain Heart Infusion, l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, yeast extract, and chloroproto-ferriheme, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). After that, Pg was placed in an anaerobic container for 48 h at 37 °C. A total of 10⁹ colony-forming units of live Pg was suspended in 0.1 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (Sigma-Aldrich) and given to each mouse by gavage three times a week for about a month, as described previously [14 , 15 (link)]. The control group was administered 0.1 ml PBS with 2% CMC without Pg. After administration, all mice were allowed to eat and drink ad libitum.