Body composition was assessed with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine (DXA) (Model: Hologic Horizon W, Hologic Inc., Danbury, CT, USA) and an InBody 770 multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device (InBody 770, Cerritos, CA, USA). Participants were instructed to come to the laboratory after at least a three-hour fast and no prior exercise that day. All testing was performed between 1130 and 1400. Subjects typically came to the lab at the same time for each of the testing dates. For the DXA, quality control calibration procedures were performed on a spine phantom. Subjects had their weight determined on a calibrated scale. Subjects wore typical athletic clothing and removed all metal jewelry. They were positioned supine on the DXA within the borders delineated by the scanning table. Each whole body scan took approximately seven minutes. For the InBody 770 MF-BIA, subjects stood on the platform of the device barefoot with the soles of their feet on the electrodes. Subjects then grasped the handles of the unit with their thumb and fingers to maintain direct contact with the electrodes. They stood still for ~1 min while maintaining their elbows fully extended and their shoulder joint abducted to approximately a 30-degree angle.
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