Setal Development Across Pupal Stages

Setal development was examined using an Olympus Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and standard compound microscopes. For this, developing pupal tissues of the growing adult epidermis from stages P2–P7 (Tian & Hines, 2018 (link)) were excised from metasomal tergites (spinulate setae) and the mesosomal dorsum (mostly plumose setae) using dissections in cold phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and removal of non-epidermal tissues as much as feasible for the tissue type and stage. These were examined for patterns of setal branching and growth across development. An Olympus BX51 compound microscope with a long working distance 40X objective lens with the sample placed in PBS or glycerol was used for imaging.

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Hines H.M., Kilpatrick S.K., Mikó I., Snellings D., López-Uribe M.M, & Tian L. (2022). The diversity, evolution, and development of setal morphologies in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus spp.). PeerJ, 10, e14555.

Publication 2022

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) BX51 compound microscope

Adult Buffer Cold Compound microscope Confocal laser scanning microscope Dissections Epidermal Glycerol Lens Phosphate Pupal Setae Tissue type Tissues

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : Pennsylvania State University, Texas A&M University, University of New Hampshire, Boston Children's Hospital, China Agricultural University

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Developmental stages of pupal tissues (P2-P7)

dependent variables

Patterns of setal branching and growth across development

control variables

Metasomal tergites (spinulate setae) and mesosomal dorsum (mostly plumose setae)
Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and glycerol as sample medium

controls

Positive control: Not explicitly mentioned.
Negative control: Not explicitly mentioned.

Annotations

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