Mouse and human brain tissue samples and cultured primary mouse astrocytes were homogenized using a Precellys homogenizer with 1.4-mm ceramic beads (5,000 rpm, 30 s, Peqlab). RNA was isolated using the NucleoSpin RNA II kit (Macherey–Nagel) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentration was measured using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Peqlab). RNA (0.1 µg) was reverse transcribed to cDNA using random primers (Roche) and Superscript III (Life Technologies). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed in a Rotorgene3000 (Corbett Research) using the Rotor-Gene SYBR Green PCR kit and the Quantitect primer assay HsQPCTL (Qiagen), or specific primers for HsCCL2, MsCCL2 and MsQPCTL synthesized by Metabion (Martinsried, Germany) [8 (link), 23 (link)]. Relative amounts of gene expression were determined with the Rotorgene software version 6.1 in comparative quantitation mode. Normalization was done against the most stably expressed reference gene YWHAZ identified using Normfinder [3 (link)]. The PCR was verified by product melting curves and single amplicons were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Free full text: Click here