Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens were prepared by the standard procedures in Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital. A board-certificated pathologist selected multiple and separate cancer lesions from a single tumor. Specimens of FFPE cancer spheroids were prepared as previously reported [14 (link)]. These specimens were sectioned at 4-μm thickness, and stained with H&E or immunostained for MLH-1 (M1, Ventana, Tucson, AZ, USA), MSH2 (G219-1129, Ventana), MSH6 (EPR3945, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), or PMS2 (EPR 3947, Ventana) followed by hematoxylin counterstaining for nuclei.
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