Mitochondrial superoxide was determined as previously described by using Mitosox Red (Life technologies)[22 (link)–24 (link)]. Neurons were incubated with 2 μM Mitosox Red and 200 nM mitotracker green (Life Technology) for 30 minutes followed by washing. The images of Mitosox Red staining were collected on a Nikon inverted confocal microscope with on stage incubator. The intensity was subsequently analyzed by using Nikon NIS Advanced Research software.
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