Anti-Parasitic Compounds from Natural Sources

An overview of the tested plant extracts and compounds is provided in Table 1. Levamisole, albendazole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), RPMI-1640 media and α-linolenic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Stellenborsch, Germany). Grape seed extract, consisting of >95% condensed tannins [35 (link)], was purchased from Bulk Powders (Colchester, UK). A chicory (Cichorium intybus) extract (cv. Spadona) enriched in sesquiterpene lactones was prepared as previously described [36 (link)]. Four different seaweed extracts were produced as described by Bonde et al. [24 (link)]. Briefly, Saccharina latissma was sourced from either Grenå, Denmark, or the Faroe Islands. From each source location, extracts were prepared using water and methanol (polar extracts; SW1, SW2), or dichrolormethane and methanol (non-polar extracts; SW3, SW4). The chemical composition of the extracts has previously been reported [24 (link)].