Evaluating Ocular Lens Treatments in Chickens

All values reported represent the mean ± the standard error of the mean (including outliers). Any chicks which removed their lenses or diffusers were removed from the experiments and are therefore not reported. Before analysing the effect of treatment, all data, which represented measurements from individual chickens not technical replicates, were first tested for normality and homogeneity of variance (Shapiro–Wilk test). When there was no significant variance in normality or homogeneity, the effect of treatment was analysed via a one-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). When significant, ANOVAs were followed by a student’s unpaired t-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing for analysis of specific between group effects. For the retrospective analysis of levodopa’s effects against LIM compared to its dose-dependent effects against FDM seen in our previous study^{27 (link)}, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was undertaken. All analyses were undertaken in IBM SPSS Statistics package 23 with a statistical significance cut-off of 0.05.